E-ISSN 2231-170X | ISSN 2231-1696
 

Original Article 


ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj.

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication accounting for about 30% of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) cases. An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the gene encoding angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is reported to be a candidate gene predisposing to diabetic nephropathy. Accordingly, we investigated the ACE I/D gene polymorphism in 52 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases suffering from nephropathy as assessed by 24 hrs urinary protein levels. 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects served as controls. ACE I/D genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using allele specific primers. The frequencies of ACE DD, ID and II genotypes in the diabetic nephropathy patients were 38.5% , 50% and 11.5% and in the control subjects, 22%, 38% and 40% respectively. There was an increase of 16.5% in the frequency of DD genotype in the patients compared to controls. The frequency of D allele in the patients was 63% which was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05, Odds ratio=2.6) compared to 41% in the controls. These results indicate that Type 2 diabetic patients with D allele (those with DD & ID genotypes) have more than two fold risk of developing nephropathy. Clinical implications of ACE genotyping in planning for patientÂ’s management have been discussed.

Key words: ACE gene polymorphism, Diabetic nephropathy, Genetic risk, Clinical implications


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by M. Kaleemullah Khan
Articles by N. Parimala
Articles by Mohammed Ishaq
Articles by Mohammed Siraj
on Google
on Google Scholar

REFERENCES
1. Powers AC: Diabetes mellitus. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, et al (eds) McGraw-Hill Inc., New York pp.2275-2304, 2008.
2. Hassalcher C, Ritz E, Wahlp et al. Similar risks of nephropathy in patients with Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus. Nephrol Dial Transplantation 1989; 4: 859-63.
3. Sterling C. Diabetic nephropathy. Proc. R Coll Physicians Edinb 2001; 31 : 197-202.
4. Brenner BM. Internal hypertension in the initiation of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Med 1982; 72: 375-380. [DOI via Crossref]   
5. Evans TC and Capell P. Diabetic nephropathy. Clinical Diab 2000; 18: 1-16.
6. Ergen HA, Hatemi H, Agachan B, et al. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients. Exp Mol Med 2004; 36: 345-350. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]   
7. Crisan D, Carr J. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme: Genotype and disease associations. J Mol Diagn 2000; 2: 105-115. [DOI via Crossref]   
8. Marre M, Bernadet P, Gallois Y, et al. Relationships between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism, plasma levels and diabetic retinal and renal complications. Diabetes 1994; 43: 384-388. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]   
9. Rigat B, Hebert C, Corvol P, Soubrier F. PCR detection of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human ACE gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20: 1433. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]    [PMC Free Fulltext]   
10. Ng DP, Tai BC, Koh D, et al. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism an its association with diabetic nephropathy : a meta-analysis of studies reported between 1994 and 2004 and comprising 14,727 subjects. Diabetalogia 2005; 14 (Abstract). [Pubmed]   
11. Viswanathan V, Snehlatha B, Ramachandram A. Diabetic nephropathy- strategy of management Int J Diab Dev Countries 2000; 20: 45-48.
12. Kumar A, Mohindra K, Sehajpal PK. ACE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy. Int J Hum Genet 2005; 5: 279-283.
13. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple saltling out procedure for extraction of DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988; 16: 1215-1219. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]    [PMC Free Fulltext]   
14. Seckin D, Ilhan N, Ilhan N Ilkey E. ACE gene polymor-phism is associated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Adv Mol Med 2005; 1: 87-91
15. Penno G, Chaturvedi N, Talmud PJ, et al. Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on progression of renal disease and the influence of ACE inhibition in Diabetic patients. Diabetes 1998,47:1507-1511. [DOI via Crossref]    [Pubmed]   

How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. J Med Allied Sci. 2011; 1(1): 42-45.


Web Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. https://jmas.in/?mno=210083 [Access: January 12, 2023].


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. J Med Allied Sci. 2011; 1(1): 42-45.



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. J Med Allied Sci. (2011), [cited January 12, 2023]; 1(1): 42-45.



Harvard Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj (2011) ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. J Med Allied Sci, 1 (1), 42-45.



Turabian Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. 2011. ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences, 1 (1), 42-45.



Chicago Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. "ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications." Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences 1 (2011), 42-45.



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj. "ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications." Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences 1.1 (2011), 42-45. Print.



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

M. Kaleemullah Khan, N. Parimala, Mohammed Ishaq, Mohammed Siraj (2011) ACE I/D gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy: Clinical implications. Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences, 1 (1), 42-45.